Category: Blogs

The sun is shining bright on solar energy stocks in India.

The green energy sector is booming as India aims to achieve 500GW capacity of renewable energy by 2030. Investing in this sector is a promising opportunity for both seasoned investors and beginners. There are plenty of solar energy stocks to bring into your portfolio.

The Rise of Solar Energy In India

On 7th April 2021, The Union Cabinet approved the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme to boost the manufacturing of solar PV modules. The total of INR. 24,000 cr dedicated towards the sector aims to produce 39,600 MW capacity. India is set to create solar cities across the nation. The 1st solar city, ‘Sachi’, has already been launched in Madhya Pradesh in 2023. As the country marches ahead in this sector, many big solar panel manufacturers are raising INR. 5,800 cr this year. These funds will be used to establish 500 GW capacity by 2030. Along with Solar Panels, the manufacturers will also produce cells, wafers, and ingots under the PLI scheme.

We’ve handpicked a few solar energy companies that are available to invest. For recent share prices, get in touch with VNN Wealth. Read along to know more…

Top Unlisted Solar Energy Stocks in India: Upcoming IPOs in the Solar Sector

Apollo Green Energy Limited

The company has shown significant financial growth from 280 cr income in FY 2021 to 688 cr in 2023. AGEL is expected to generate 780 cr in review in FY 2024-25, 1380 cr in FY 20225-26, and cross over 2000 cr in 2026-27. The company is working on a wide range of projects and has a diverse portfolio. The projects under execution are smart solar street light installation, solar panel installation, thermal power project, and rural water supply project to name a few. The total value of the projects under execution is about 1735 cr. With promising growth, Apollo Green Energy Limited has become one of the leading companies in the renewable energy sector.

Vikram Solar

Currently, Vikram Solar is available to purchase in the unlisted market. The company has filed a draft with SEBI for an initial public offering (IPO). Vikram Solar IPO will offer a fresh issue of up to INR. 1,500 crores and an offer for sale of up to 5,000,000 equity shares.

Our Previous Recommendations

Waree Energies

In December 2023, Waree Energies filed a draft with SEBI to raise INR. 3,000 crore through an initial public offering. The funds will be used to further expand the capacity from 12 GW to 38 GW over the next five years. Buying unlisted shares of Waree Energies can guarantee allocation and significant growth over the years. (Please note that the unlisted shares are subject to availability.)

Read more about Waree Energies and other unlisted shares here.

Premier Energies

The company will utilize INR. 1,168.74 to establish a 4 GW solar PV TOPCon cell and 4 GW solar PV TOPCon module manufacturing facility in Hyderabad. The remaining funds will go towards general corporate purposes. The company is also aiming to execute EPC projects, independent power production, and O&M services.

Final Thoughts

India’s solar energy sector is rapidly expanding with the PLI scheme in place. The government is taking the initiative to encourage growth in the capacity of renewable energy production. This is the right time to enter the sector by investing in solar energy stocks. It has the potential to deliver a significant return on your investment. Buying unlisted shares of Waree Energies or Vikram Solar will ensure allocation before the IPO. However, it is subject to availability. Get in touch with experts at VNN Wealth for the unlisted shares you wish to buy. Explore all unlisted shares here.

The biggest obstacle between you and your financial goals is- You! Your emotional investing is causing more harm to your portfolio than you realize.

In an ever-changing financial landscape, it’s easy to let emotions influence your decision. You’re a human after all. 

But… Your fear, greed, and overconfidence, are clouding your judgment, pushing you towards making an irrational decision. 

Strong portfolios and successful investments require discipline and emotional stability. And if a small part of you feels you’ve allowed your emotions to overpower your decisions, then this blog is for you.

Keep reading as we’ll explore how emotions can impact investment and simple strategies to keep them in check. 

Understanding Emotional Investing

We let our emotions control the situation in almost everything in our lives. Instead of relying on logic or data, we let our feelings make the decision for us. We do the same with investments. 

Does any of the following sound familiar?

Fear: In fear of losses, you end up selling your investments during a market dip. 

Greed: Taking unnecessary risk by chasing the returns during a market rally. 

Overconfidence: Trying to time the market, leads to impulse decisions. 

FOMO: Fear of missing out on the market trends. 

Regret: Irrational decisions in the hope of covering the previous losses.

Here are some of the examples that may also sound familiar:

When the market crashed during COVID-19, a lot of investors cashed out their portfolios in fear of losses. However, the market rallied up soon after. The Nifty 50 went up by 124% between April 2020 to Oct 2021. 

Similarly, in 2008, Sensex experienced its biggest crash in January and continued to decline for the rest of the year. Investors sold significant portions of their investments to avoid further loss. Sensex recovery took more than a year. During this crisis, patient investors survived but emotional investors caused a huge dent in their portfolio. 

Market crashes are temporary and markets always eventually recover. During these tough times, your actions can make or break your portfolio.  

The Psychological Traps of Emotional Investing You Should Avoid

People often let several psychological biases alter their investments. These biases arise from the need to stay in control of your money. We’ve noticed one or the other of the following psychological traps clouding the decisions of the investors we meet.

1. Herd Mentality

The most common trap that people fall into is following the crowd. From buying a car to careers and investments, people tend to follow others. 

For example, during the dot-com bubble, everybody invested in tech stocks and lost significant wealth when the bubble burst in 2000. 

The backbone of this herd mentality is fear of missing out. People want to jump on the bandwagon with others, follow the same path. However, what works for others may or may not work for them.

Everyone’s financial situation and investment goals are different. Therefore, as comforting as it appears, following others while investing does more harm than good.

2. Loss Aversion

Studies show that investors tend to feel the pain of losses more deeply compared to the joy of gains. The fear of losses prompts premature selling during the market dips. 

We’ve met plenty of investors who, despite a defined time horizon for their investments, get restless with temporary loss.

What these investors fail to understand is, that market corrections aren’t going to last forever. As the economy grows, the markets eventually follow. Therefore, market volatility can be mitigated by time.

As you can see in the graph above, every market crash was eventually recovered. You need to be patient. Your investments deserve time to recover from the losses. Don’t let the temporary loss get in the way of your long-term growth plan. 

3. Selective Thinking

People always try to make sense of their decisions by selective information. They want to believe in what they want. 

For example, someone who is convinced that real estate is the best investment option will only focus on success stories. They’ll only pay attention to rising real estate prices in certain areas. Or positive experiences of their friends. Their upbringing and their family’s beliefs also play a role. These people only see what they want to see and completely overlook risks like market downturns, maintenance costs, or long periods with no rental income.

They try to seek information that aligns with their beliefs. This bias leads to misinformed decisions. 

You’re trying to build wealth to make your financial future secure. You should trust relevant data to make an informed decision. 

Strategies to Keep Emotions Out of Your Investments

1. Create a Well-defined Investment Plan

Disciplined investment is the key. Having clear financial goals will help you stay focused, even during market uncertainties. 

Here’s what you need to do:

Step 1: Define your goals. For example, buying a car next year. Moving into a new house in two years. Or retiring early. Assign a tentative amount to each goal that you’ll need to generate.

Step 2: Evaluate your financial situation. Get all your statements and note down your monthly expenses, EMIs, funds you’re keeping for emergencies, salary increments, etc. This will help you set aside an amount you can invest every month.

Step 3: Take a risk profiling quiz to understand your investment personality on the spectrum of aggressive to conservative. Many investors like to believe (or pretend) they’re aggressive investors. However, the kind of risk you’re willing to take and the risk you can actually take is different. So answer honestly and the quiz will give you the suitable allocation of equity, debt, and other instruments. For example👇

Step 4: Evaluate your investment portfolio. Review your current holdings and realign them as per your risk profile. 

2. Invest in Different Asset Classes 

Asset allocation is crucial to maintaining a diverse portfolio and balancing risk. Equity, debt, and gold each experience a different cycle every year. However, they complement each other. 

Take a look at the table below. The performance of each asset class varied every year. 

So if you are worried about your portfolio crashing, don’t invest heavily in one asset class. That’ll lead to high-concentration risk. Instead, distribute your money across different instruments to balance the risk. That way, you won’t be tempted to make any impulse decisions.

3.  Pay Attention to the Investment Horizon

Let’s take a simple example. Baking a cake requires a specific amount of time to cook completely. If you take it out of the oven before the timer finishes, you’ll be greeted by an undercooked cake.

Similarly, when you invest money in an instrument, it needs a specific time to deliver returns. Premature withdrawal will cause a loss. 

So, when you define goals, you must assign a timeline for each. For example, buying a house in two years.

Since your time horizon is only two years, investing in small-cap or mid-cap funds would be silly. These funds need 5+ years to deliver optimal returns. Instead, you can invest in debt funds with a suitable horizon. On the other hand, your time horizon would be longer to achieve your retirement goals. In that case, you should definitely invest in high-risk funds.

Because…risk is not defined by a fund category but by a time horizon. Each mutual fund category has a pre-defined time to mitigate short-term volatility. 

Goal	Timeline	Mutual Fund Category
Buying a car	Within 3 to 6 months	Low-Duration Debt Funds such as: Kotak Low Duration Fund Axis Treasury Advantage Fund SBI Magnum Low Duration Fund
Moving into a new house	In 3 years	Dynamic Bond Funds / Banking and PSU Funds / Hybrid Funds like Balanced Advantage Funds, Multi-Asset Funds: ICICI Prudential Balanced Advantage Fund Kotak Balanced Advantage Fund Quant Multi Asset Fund
Wedding	In 3 to 5 years	Large Cap Funds such as: Nippon India Large Cap Fund ICICI Prudential Bluechip Fund SBI Bluechip Fund
Children’s Education	Within 5 to 7 years	Mid Cap Funds such as: Quant Midcap Fund Motilal Oswal Midcap Fund HDFC Midcap Opportunities Fund
Retirement Planning	7 Years and Above	Small Cap Funds such as: Nippon India Small Cap Fund Quant Small Cap Fund TATA small cap Fund

Important: The above table only illustrates time-based investments. However, you also need to consider other parameters such as your risk appetite, the fund’s rolling returns (consistency), and your overall investment portfolio. Choose funds that align with your objectives and contribute to the growth of your overall portfolio. 

4. Automate Your Investments

Automation removes the temptation of timing the market. It helps you consistently invest toward your goals. You can set up an SIP (Systematic Investment Plan) for mutual funds of your choice. 

Here’s how disciplined consistent investment can compound over a period of time. Let’s say you aim to accumulate 1 crore for your child’s college education over the next 15 years. By consistently investing INR 20,000 per month in mutual funds, with an expected average annual return of 12%, you can reach this financial goal within 15 years.

You can play around with numbers using our SIP calculator to set a specific timeline for your financial goals. Automate your SIP installments and let the money compound on its own. 

5. Seek Professional Advice

A professional financial expert will objectively evaluate your investments. They will provide data-driven insights to strengthen your portfolio irrespective of the market conditions. 

A professional financial expert can:

Analyze your risk appetite and review your portfolio.

Assist you in choosing the right mutual funds. 

Ensure your portfolio’s risk aligns with your risk profile.

Help you identify redundant investments and ensure true diversification. 

Guide you through the market volatility.

So, even if you’re a savvy investor with market knowledge, an expert can shed light on the situation from a different angle. 

If you want to review your portfolio and discuss your investment strategy, book an appointment with us. We will assist you throughout. 

Emotional Vs Rational Investing: Case Studies

Emotional Investor Rahul often gets anxious about market uncertainties. He constantly monitors his portfolio and complains about poor returns. He ended up investing in multiple stocks due to a trend his friend was following and sold it at a loss when the stock price began declining. His patience runs out after every minor change in the market and he starts panic selling or impulse purchasing. He claims to be an aggressive investor but never bothers evaluating his actual risk appetite. 

In contrast, Pratiksha, a Rational Investor always focuses on a long-term picture. She invested in various asset classes for diversification and follows a strategy based on her risk appetite. While her portfolio also goes through ups and downs, she is not concerned. She keeps investing via SIP for a defined horizon and lets the money compound. She quarterly monitors her investments only to see where it is going and talks to an expert if she has any questions. 

Outcome? Pratiksha’s consistency and data-driven approach will outperform Rahul’s emotional investing. While Rahul might make quick gains sometimes, these wins are unpredictable. 

Therefore, always stick to an investment strategy catering to both short-term and long-term goals. 

How to Recover from Emotional Investing Mistakes?

Acknowledge your mistake: Start by accepting your mistake. Identify the situations where you let your emotions run wild. Moving forward, you can stop yourself from making the same mistake again.

Re-evaluate your portfolio: It’s never too late to fix any errors. Re-evaluate your portfolio with an expert- identify gaps, poor-performing assets, redundant investments, etc. Sell the assets that are consistently delivering poor returns. Reallocate your money to asset classes that’ll deliver returns ideal for your financial goals. 

Focus on consistency: Encourage yourself to focus on disciplined investment. Plan Systematic Investments via SIPs or STPs. That way, you will invest a small amount every month and benefit from compounding. 

Keep your emotions in check: If you feel stressed about your investments, try to have a long-term perspective. Some stress management techniques such as meditation, exercise, or hobbies can help you navigate your emotions. It’s easy to worry when the market is fluctuating. But, focus on what you’re trying to achieve with your investment so you won’t get side-tracked. 

Conclusion

Emotional investing can be detrimental to your long-term financial success. Fear, greed, ego, overconfidence- all these emotions push you in the wrong direction. Instead, unlock your emotional intelligence to make logical, goal-oriented investment decisions.

As Daniel Kahneman says in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow- emotional decisions can be impulsive whereas rational decisions require more thought. 

So, this is your sign to rethink your financial decisions. Make the right choice by creating a strategy for better returns. Have a long-term perspective than a short-term panic. Start making small changes today and you’ll notice the results in due time. 

Ready to Invest?

Are you ready to give your investment portfolio another chance? 

1: Take a risk profiling quiz to determine your portfolio’s ideal asset allocation.

2: Review your portfolio and choose the right mutual funds.

3: Sign up or log in to start investing. Effortlessly automate your SIPs and STPs. 

If you’re interested in exploring wider investment instruments such as unlisted shares, AIFs, and PMS, reach out to us. VNN Wealth is a trusted wealth management firm in Pune with exclusive investment opportunities tailored to your financial objectives. 

Retirement is the golden era of your life. You finally relax. Sit back in your rocking chair with a cup of tea. You have time for your family and most importantly, for yourself. 

However, the ride through the retirement years will only be smooth if you plan for it beforehand.

Currently in India-

Only 10% of the 60+ population is earning from the pension or the rent.

About 60% of men and 25% of women above 60 are still working.

And 60% of the people above the age of 70 are dependants.  

Planning for retirement is one of the crucial pillars of your financial journey. You spend years working hard and building wealth. That wealth should keep you afloat for the rest of your life.

So here’s how to ensure you never run out of your retirement corpus. While this blog is designed for someone nearing retirement, young investors can also learn and plan beforehand.

Know What You Want

Let’s take an example- When you visit a retail store to buy a TV, you likely have certain specifications in mind. You tell the salesperson those specifications, and they suggest options that meet your needs. But, if you’re unsure about what you’re looking for, the salesperson might try to sell you a TV on which he earns more commission.

Similarly, if you don’t know what you want for your retirement, you won’t be able to create a proper plan. Your bank RM might push a ULIP or some insurance plan that sounds good but may or may not align with your financial needs.

Therefore, it is crucial to know what you want. And how do you do that? Read along to find out everything you need to know about retirement planning.

1. Set Clear Goals

How do you want to spend your retirement? Maybe in a cozy cottage away from city life. Or annual international trips with your spouse. Everything is possible by aligning your portfolio to fulfill your goals. 

But the primary step is to set a goal for your income expectations. There are multiple ways to draw a consistent income after retirement. 

1. Rental income from your residential/commercial property.

2. Monthly withdrawals via systematic withdrawal plan (SWP) from your mutual funds.

3. Annuities

If you’re salaried, you might also receive a corpus built in your PF after retirement. You can strategically invest it to draw monthly income. Talk about your goals to your financial advisor. Discuss the required corpus to live a life you want to live.

Note: Explore the comparison between rental income and a systematic withdrawal plan to generate monthly income after retirement. 

2. Decide a Horizon for Your Goals

At what age you’d want to retire? What would be the timeline for your goals set for post-retirement life? Give it all a thought. Talk to your spouse and children to accommodate them into your goals. That way, you can choose the investment instruments catering to specific objectives. 

Here are the mutual fund categories that you can choose based on the horizon:

Time Horizon	Fund Category
0-3 Years	Debt fund/hybrid fund
3 to 5 Years	Large Cap Funds
5 to 7 Years	Mid Cap Funds
7+ Years	Small Cap Funds

3. Assess Your Risk Appetite

Your overall risk profile is an important factor in retirement planning. It involves analyzing your financial situation to decide how much risk you can take. 

Nine out of ten times, people ignore their risk appetite. They just invest, only to find out the returns on their portfolio do not live up to their expectations. Either the portfolio is delivering low returns when a person can take higher risk. Or the portfolio is full of aggressive investments when a person has a low to moderate risk appetite.

Don’t let that happen to you. Take a risk profiling quiz to know where you stand. Answer honestly to receive insights on the asset mix that fits your profile. 

4. Review Your Existing Portfolio

Your financial goals and risk appetite constantly keep evolving. Your initial investment strategy will not work for your retirement plan. Now you need a completely different strategy, which can be built against your existing portfolio.

Review your existing investment with a financial advisor. They’ll identify the gaps in your portfolio and realign it with suitable asset allocation. 

5. Have an Opinion About the Market

This step is not mandatory, but it’s always good to be aware. 

The market moves in a similar direction as the economy in the long run, with occasional fluctuations. So if you’re paying attention to the news about the global economy and its impact on Indian markets, you can easily form an opinion. The market awareness, at least to some extent, will help you choose the right instruments. It’ll also help you better understand your financial advisor’s suggestions to make an informed decision.

Here’s an example of how having a market opinion can help you choose the right funds:

When the markets are uncertain, your focus should be on asset allocation. You can invest in hybrid funds such as Balanced Advantage Funds, Flexi Cap Funds, or Multi Asset Funds for diversification.

Each fund has a different asset allocation and a cash component to rebalance the allocation based on market scenarios. Fund houses use an inbuilt model based on various parameters for rebalancing. 

1. If you think the markets are expensive at the moment and may decline: Choose balanced advantage funds with more cash holdings as these funds can buy more equity when the market declines. 

2. If you think the markets will rally further, choose balanced advantage funds with more equity holding to capitalize on growth.

3. If you don’t have any opinion, choose multi-asset funds to get instant diversification across equity, debt, and gold.

Similarly, a market outlook across small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap will help you decide which flexi-cap fund to invest in. Flexi cap funds offer allocation across market cap based on the market conditions. 

5 Things to Consider While Planning For Retirement

1. Emergency Fund

Emergencies never announce themselves. A sudden expense may dent your financial plan. It’s always better to be prepared for such scenarios. Build a highly liquid emergency fund that you can withdraw whenever needed.

Make sure you have enough saved up to cover 6-12 months of your expenses. Instead of keeping these funds in your savings account, park them in liquid funds. Liquid funds offer a 1-2% extra interest rate compared to the savings account. 

Buy a health insurance plan for yourself and your family. It’ll take care of your medical emergencies without draining your savings. 

2. Inflation

Inflation is inevitable. Today’s INR 50,000 monthly expense would be INR 1,60,000 after 20 years with a 6% inflation rate. You will need more money to continue or upgrade your lifestyle after retirement. You can’t avoid inflation but you can certainly surpass it by optimizing your portfolio. 

3. Cash Flow

While planning retirement, keep your short, medium, and long-term goals in mind. Goals are essentially your expenses. Let’s say your monthly expenses after retirement are INR 2,00,000. To plan expenses for the next 3 years, you’ll need INR 7,200,000 kept in liquid assets for easy withdrawals. The rest of your retirement corpus can be invested as per your expenses in the next 5 to 6 years or even longer as per your financial plan. 

4. Estate Planning

Transferring legacy to successors is still quite common in India. If you are planning to hand over your assets to your children, you may want to plan your finances accordingly. Consider your monthly expenses and the cash flow to have a comfortable life for yourself. What’s left after that can be invested in various assets for your children to inherit later.  

In order to seamlessly transfer your legacy, you must create an estate plan. Drafting a will or creating a trust avoids family disputes. It ensures the transfer of your assets as per your wishes, thereby financially securing your loved ones.

5. Taxation

Last but not least, the taxes. You have to pay tax on gains and income generated through your investments. Similar to inflation, taxes are unavoidable. However, you can dodge some taxes by optimizing a tax-efficient exit strategy. Your financial advisor will assist you with an exit strategy that ensures better post-tax returns on your portfolio. 

If you don’t have a financial advisor, get in touch with VNN Wealth. Our experts will help you plan for your retirement. 

Now that we’ve covered all the basics, let’s discuss the most commonly followed retirement planning strategy.

The 3-Bucket Strategy For Effective Retirement Planning

This is the most commonly followed strategy to manage your retirement corpus. The 3 buckets represent your financial needs for a particular period. Together, these buckets keep your funds moving, thereby offering you financial freedom.

Bucket #1: Short-Term Financial Goals (1 to 3 Years)

The 1st bucket, AKA Safety Bucket, contains highly liquid assets to cover living expenses for up to 3 years. 

Let’s assume for the sake of example that your monthly expense after retirement would be INR 2,00,000. In that case, you can fill bucket 1 with INR 7,200,000 to comfortably cover 3 years of expenses.

Those INR 7,200,000 can be invested in high-liquidity instruments. 

1. The most common liquid and safe instruments are Fixed Deposits, Certificates of Deposits, or Liquid Funds. 

2. Money Market mutual funds can also be included in this bucket. These funds invest in highly liquid assets.

3. While many prefer keeping funds in savings accounts for emergencies, you can also consider short-term debt funds.

Debt funds offer liquidity, better yield than savings accounts, and are available in variable time horizons. 

This bucket offers financial safety even during market downturns and avoids the need to sell long-term investments.

Bucket #2: Medium-Term Financial Goals (3 to 6 years)

Bucket 2 is a Stability Bucket for medium-term goals. The assets in this bucket cater to 3 to 5 years of financial needs. 

While you are emptying the 1st bucket, investments in bucket 2 can generate interest to refill the 1st bucket. 

1. Fill the second bucket with Corporate Fixed Deposits, Hybrid Mutual Funds, and Senior Citizen Saving Funds.

2. Corporate FDs are slightly riskier than bank FDs but offer superior interest rates. That extra 1 to 2% can make a huge difference.

3. Hybrid Mutual Funds invest in equity, debt, and gold. For example- Balanced Advantage Funds, Multi Asset Funds. These funds are less riskier than pure equity funds and are suitable for intermediate financial goals. 

4. Senior Citizen Savings Scheme can also be a part of a medium-term financial plan. Retirees can invest INR 1,50,000 in a financial year to get an exemption on tax under section 80C of the IT Act. 

The second bucket aims towards income production and stability with less volatile investments. 

Bucket #3: Long-Term Financial Goals (7+ Years)

Bucket 3 is the growth bucket for wealth creation. While the first two buckets are taking care of your expenses, the 3rd bucket can keep generating more wealth. You can keep it untouched, or use the gains/capital to refill the previous two buckets. 

1. The best instruments to fill this bucket with are equity mutual funds, direct equity, and alternative investment funds (AIF). These instruments are capable of delivering superior returns in a longer horizon. 

2. You can opt for a professional Portfolio Management Service (PMS) for a custom long-term financial plan.

Final Thoughts: How to Divide Your Retirement Corpus Into 3 Buckets?

Diving your retirement corpus into 3 buckets depends on your overall portfolio, expenses, goals, preferred investment horizon, and the income you want to generate post-retirement.

There’s no one-formula-fits-all. It’ll change as per your financial requirements and goals. The idea is to keep the cash flowing through the buckets. 

If you want to manage your retirement corpus, experts at VNN Wealth will help you create a personalized 3-bucket strategy. Get your portfolio reviewed by our experts and optimize your portfolio to plan for a stress-free retirement.

Picture this: You’re sipping a warm cup of coffee with your loved ones, knowing that a steady stream of income is flowing into your bank account. Even better if you don’t have to work for it.

This vision of financial independence is achievable through smart investments. You can generate a steady stream of income for your retirement or simply have passive income for your family.

Two of the popular options investors explore to generate regular income are:

1. Real estate investments for rental income
2. Income from mutual funds via systematic withdrawal plan (SWP)

In this blog, we will discuss both these options in more detail, exploring how they work, how much initial investment is required, and what their advantages and drawbacks are.

Generating Income Through Real Estate

Real estate investment involves purchasing a residential or commercial property. As it’s a tangible asset, you own it in a physical form.

In order to generate consistent income from it, you ideally have to rent out your property with a long-term lease agreement.

The rental income depends upon many factors such as rental yield in the area, property’s condition, and market demand.

Generating Income Through Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are a collection of stocks, bonds, gold, and international equity. You can invest in mutual funds that align with your risk appetite and financial goals.

The ideal way to generate income from mutual funds is to invest for a long horizon, let the money compound, and then start a systematic withdrawal plan. A Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) allows you to set an amount and frequency at which you’d like to receive income. The fund units worth the amount you’ve chosen will be sold and the amount will be transferred to your savings account.

Now, we will compare real estate vs mutual funds for monthly income against various parameters.

Real Estate vs Mutual Funds for Monthly Income: Detailed Comparison

Let’s take an example: Vikas wants to generate INR. 50,000 monthly income. He’s exploring both the options- rental income and SWP. Let’s help him figure out what makes more sense…

1. Initial Capital Requirement

Real Estate

Your initial investment will vary based on the location, type of real estate property, size, amenities, etc. The rental income depends upon the rental yield in the area. In India, the residential rental yield ranges from 2 to 4%. Here’s a snapshot of the rental yield in different cities in India.

City	Rental Yield
Delhi NCR	2.79%
Bangalore	3.45%
Mumbai	2.44%
Ahmedabad	3.22%
Chennai	3.10%
Hyderabad	3.16%
Pune	3.09%
Kolkata	3.96%

Let’s take 3% for the sake of understanding.

For Vikas to generate an income of INR 50,000 from residential real estate, he’ll have to purchase a house worth 2 crores.

Property value = Annual rental income (50000 x 12) / rental yield (0.03- converted into decimal) = 600000/0.03= 2 crores

Now let’s say Vikas pays a 20% downpayment, which is 40 lakhs, he’ll have to take a home loan for the remaining amount i.e. 1.6 crores.

With an 8% home loan rate and 20 years of tenure, his EMI becomes 1,33,830. Even if he generates a rental income of INR 50,000, he will still have an expense of INR. 83,830.

On top of that, Vikas will have to pay the cost of home ownership. Brokerage (1-2% of the total value), stamp duty (4-7%), registration fee (1%), parking space (~10k/month), maintenance charges (varies as per location and amenities), etc.

Mutual Funds

On the flip side, Vikas will only have to invest 50 lakhs in mutual funds to generate INR. 50,000 monthly income.

Mutual funds deliver superior returns compared to real estate. For the sake of calculations, it’s better to be conservative. So we’ll take 12% p.a. as the average return on your mutual fund investment over a longer horizon.

Investment amount = Annual income (50,000 x 12= 6 lakhs) / 0.12= 50 lakhs

The same income can be drawn from mutual funds via SWP by investing only 50 lakhs instead of 2 crores. Plus, while you withdraw monthly 50K, your remaining amount keeps compounding, so you can keep withdrawing 50K/month for the next 20 years, at least.

With mutual funds, Vikas has an option to invest a small amount via SIP to gradually build his wealth.

Monthly SIP Amount	Average Return p.a.	Investment Horizon	Wealth Accumulated
20,000	12%	20 years	1,99,82,958

Total Wealth Accumulated in Mutual Funds	Average Return p.a.	Monthly Regular Income via SWP	Years of Regular Income
1,99,82,958	12%	1,00,000	20

This example is only for the sake of understanding. Parameters like initial investment amount, investment horizon, and average rate of return may change the calculations.

2. Risk and Return Profile

Real Estate

Real estate investment is usually less risky than mutual funds. Market fluctuations have little impact on real estate. However, you may also face a risk of vacancy, tenant default, holdover tenancy, legal disputes, maintenance issues, etc. Additionally, there’s a chance of depreciation in property value during the economic slowdown.

Real estate delivers potential returns from rental income and property value appreciation. You can expect about 8% to 10% p.a. average return on real estate investment in 10 years. It varies depending on the city, property conditions, economic conditions, etc.

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds have a certain risk associated with them based on the category and market movements. You can invest in mutual funds based on your risk appetite and financial objectives. Take our risk profiling quiz to understand the equity and debt exposure suitable for you.

The return on your mutual fund portfolio depends upon the type of scheme, investment horizon, market conditions, etc. Mutual funds deliver superior returns in a longer horizon despite market volatility. You can expect 12% p.a. average returns in 10 years. You can even generate 2% to 5% returns over and above average if you periodically review your portfolio and optimize it to generate benchmark-beating returns.

India Residex House Price Index vs Nifty 50 (2014 to 2024)

Residex has grown by 47.4% between 2014 to 2024, whereas Nifty has grown by 301.2%. Evidently, you’ll make better returns from mutual funds compared to real estate.

3. Liquidity and Accessibility

Real Estate

Real estate investments are less liquid compared to mutual funds. The property sale takes a lot of time. You’ll have to go through the hassle of property transfer paperwork and the cost associated with it. Plus, you may not get the price that you’re looking for. It’s not as easy as redeeming mutual fund units. You have to go out, sit through the negotiations, and handle the transactions.

Additionally, you have to spend a lot of time finding a good property. It requires evaluating the location in person before making a decision. It’s not easily accessible. So if you ever need funds for an emergency, real estate is not reliable.

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are highly liquid and accessible online. You can invest and withdraw anytime you want. There’s no lock-in period except for ELSS mutual funds which carry a 3-year lock-in period for the purpose of tax-saving.

Otherwise, you have all the freedom and flexibility to decide the time and amount of investment/withdrawal. When you plan to start an SWP to withdraw income from mutual funds, you can automate the withdrawal amount, frequency, and date. The funds will start flowing into your bank account as per your preferences.

Plus, partial withdrawal is possible in the case of mutual funds which is not an option in real estate. In case of emergencies, you can sell some units of mutual funds, whereas, you cannot sell half your house.

4. Management and Maintenance

Real Estate

Managing and maintaining real estate property requires a lot of your attention. It’s a never-ending loop of ensuring the property is clean and functional. Following up with tenants and making sure they’re following society’s regulations. In some cases, tenants may not leave the property, causing a dispute. Be it residential or commercial, real estate investments demand your time and attention at all times.

Mutual Funds

Apart from periodic monitoring, you don’t have to look into managing your funds. Mutual fund houses have dedicated fund managers who are experts in handling all the transactions. Fund managers make decisions on the stocks to include in a scheme to leverage market opportunities. All you have to do is invest and let your money compound over the years. Once you achieve your financial goal, you can start/stop SWP anytime as per your income requirements.

5. Inflation Protection

The inflation rate in India is around 6 to 7%. The rate of inflation affects your effective return on investment.

Considering the above data:

	Avg Return p.a.	Inflation	Effective Return
Real Estate	8 to 10%	6%	2 to 4%
Mutual Funds	12 to 15%	6%	6 to 9%

In the case of rental income, you can increase the rent by 5 to 8% every year. However, your post-tax returns taking inflation into account cannot beat mutual funds. Mutual funds have the potential to deliver benchmark-beating, inflation-beating returns.

Here are some examples of funds from three different categories outperforming the index:

Nippon India Small Cap 10Y Return Against Nifty Smallcap 250

	Fund NAV	Index Closing Value
10 Jan 2014	12.22	6278.90
12 Jan 2024	141.13	20906.40
Growth	1055.4%	232.9%
CAGR	28.4%	12.8%

ICICI Prudential Bluechip Fund 10Y Return Against Nifty 100

	Fund NAV	Index Closing Value
15 Jan 2014	20.52	6171.25
15 Jan 2024	98.83	21508.85
Growth	381.7%	248.4%
CAGR	17.2%	13.2%

Quant Multi Asset Fund 10Y Return Against S&P BSE 200 & Short Term Bond Fund Index & iCOMDEX Composite Index

	Fund NAV	Index Closing Value
16 Jan 2014	20.05	6241.85
15 Jan 2024	117.55	21441.35
Growth	486.4%	243.5%
CAGR	19.4%	13.0%

As you can see, these funds have beat their respective benchmark. The chances of earning more than the average returns are possible with mutual funds.

6. Tax Implications and Exemptions

Real Estate

1. Rental income is taxed as per the investor’s tax slab.

2. If you sell your property after 24 months, you will have to pay long-term capital gain tax. As per budget 2024, you can either opt for old taxation or new taxation, whichever attracts lower tax for you. As per the old tax rule, the long-term capital gains will attract a 20% tax with an indexation benefit. The new tax rule does not offer an indexation tax rule but the long-term gains will be taxed at 12.5%. You can get an exemption on capital gain tax by investing in 54EC bonds within 6 months of property sale/transfer.

3. You can claim an exemption on interest paid on a home loan up to a maximum of 2 lakhs under section 24. In the case of a let-out property, you can claim an exemption against the entire interest paid.

Mutual Funds

For equity-oriented mutual funds:
Short term capital gain tax of 20% will be applicable on funds withdrawn within 12 months of investment.
Long-term capital gain tax of 12.5% above 1.25 lakhs will be applicable on funds withdrawn after 12 months.

For debt-oriented funds
Both short and long-term capital gains will be taxed as per the investor’s tax slab.
You can claim exemption against ELSS mutual fund investment of up to 1.5 lakhs under section 80C of the IT Act.

Real Estate vs Mutual Funds: Quick Snapshot

	Real Estate	Mutual Funds
Asset type	Tangible. Physical property.	Intangible. Units of mutual funds that are a combination of stocks and bonds.
Initial Investment Amount	Higher	Lower
Return on Investment	Rental income, price appreciation Average 8 to 10% p.a.	Capital gains and dividends. Average 12 to 15% p.a.
Liquidity	Low	High
Risk	Market slowdown, tenant default, legal disputes, maintenance, vacancy issues, etc.	Market performance
Management and Maintainance	High and costly	Professional management by fund houses. Low maintenance.

Which Option Should One Choose for Monthly Income: Real Estate or Mutual Fund?

Real estate has always been a popular investment option in India. Even today if you ask your parents or grandparents, they’ll advise you to invest in real estate. Their advice comes from an era when mutual funds weren’t regulated. The UTI mastershare fraud had broken people’s trust in mutual funds. Therefore, they preferred physical assets such as gold, real estate, cash savings, etc. Plus there’s a sentimental value attached to buying a property, mostly because it seems safer. You own a tangible property and control everything around it. And sure, if you’re insistent on buying a home to secure your family’s future, to have a place to call your own, you can definitely consider buying one.

But for the sake of generating income, mutual funds are better suited. Now SEBI regulates mutual funds to ensure investors’ money is safeguarded. You can invest as per your risk appetite, decide the amount and frequency, and let the fund managers handle the fund’s growth while your money compounds.

The clear winner here is the systematic withdrawal plan.

Conclusion

Investors often consider purchasing property to generate passive income without assessing their overall portfolio. However, mutual funds are clearly more feasible to generate regular income. The initial capital required to invest in mutual funds is significantly lower than in real estate. Plus, the cost of home ownership, the time and energy required to maintain the property, the slow growth, and low liquidity make real estate less appealing.

Mutual funds are highly liquid. You can start investing a small amount by SIP and accumulate wealth over the years. When you’re ready to withdraw income, you can easily set up an SWP online. Unlike real estate, mutual funds have the potential to deliver benchmark-beating, inflation-beating returns if you truly diversify your portfolio and periodically optimize it.

Ready to Generate Regular Income?

Take a risk profiling quiz and review your portfolio today. Learn more about the Systematic withdrawal plan from our experts and revamp your portfolio to generate monthly income.

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A volatile market is like a roller coaster. Your portfolio rides through the dynamic financial markets, experiencing thrilling peaks, sudden twists, and unexpected turns. Those rapid highs and nerve-racking lows can be unsettling. The anxiety and uncertainty about the future can lead to portfolio destructive actions.

But…

Market movements are inevitable. Even the most seasoned investors cannot accurately time the market every single time. The only solution to achieve financial security in a volatile market is to have a solid investment strategy. In this blog, we will provide actionable steps to achieve financial security in the ever-changing landscape of financial markets.

Understanding Market Volatility

Market volatility is the degree to which the prices of financial assets change over a period of time. Numerous factors affect market movements such as:

1. Shift in the supply and demand.
2. Economic conditions, GDP growth rate, inflation rate.
3. Political instabilities, elections.
4. Geopolitical events like wars, and international conflicts.
5. Changes in government policies.
6. Natural disasters and pandemics.

Let’s take an example of COVID-19. Nifty fifty dropped by ~18.65% between Feb 28 to April 9, 2020. However, Nifty 50 experienced a boost of 124% from April 2020 to Oct 2021.

As you can see in the Nifty 50 chart below, the market rallied up soon after every crisis.

Elections are another example of sudden market movements. The stock market goes through a bull run leading up to the market and corrects during/after the elections. The average returns a year before and a month before the elections are 29.1% and 6% respectively. You can observe the impact of elections on the stock market here.

Events like these can trigger panic-selling or impulse-buying, destroying your investment strategy. It is important to stick to your strategy despite the market volatility. That way, you can still achieve your financial goals in time without worrying about short-term pitfalls.

Now let’s dive into a step-by-step guide to maintain a strong investment strategy to achieve financial security.

Step 1: Assess Your Current Financial Situation

The first and very crucial step before putting together an investment plan is to evaluate your financial health. Here’s a simple check-list:

Review your assets and liabilities

Regularly monitor your assets such as savings across all bank accounts, your investments in stocks, mutual funds, FDs, real estate, etc. Keep track of your expenses and liabilities like mortgages and loans.

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Calculate your annual income

Derive your annual income based on your salary and income received from your investments in the form of interest, dividends, rental income, capital gains, etc. Keep all your financial statements in handy for accuracy.

Analyze your expenses

You can use simple tools like Excel to analyze your monthly expenses. Nowadays, bank applications also provide a spend analyzer feature. You can download the report to understand your expenses in various categories.

Putting together your finances will help you construct a plan. You can consider hiring a financial advisor to navigate the complexities of finances. Experts at VNN Wealth are always just a call away.

Step 2: Ensure Portfolio Diversification

A diverse portfolio is the key to lowering the risk of market volatility. It involves spreading your investments across various asset classes to balance your portfolio. Once you know how much money you want to invest, you can explore instruments that align with your risk profile. Take a risk profiling quiz to know the percentage of equity and debt you must hold in your portfolio.

Different Ways to Diversify Your Portfolio

Asset Class Diversification: Invest across different asset classes such as stocks, bonds, real estate, gold, etc. To begin with, you can invest in multi-asset funds that offer instant diversification. For example, ICICI prudential multi-asset fund.

Geographic Diversification: Introduce geographic diversification by investing in international investments. You can explore mutual funds with exposure to international stocks. For example, Motilal Oswal Nasdaq 100 Fund of Fund, SBI International Access – US Equity Fund of Fund. Or buy direct stocks of international companies such as Amazon, NVIDIA, Facebook, Google, Apple, and Netflix.

Sectoral Diversification: Diversify your investments across various sectors such as the solar energy sector, technology, healthcare, pharma, Auto, Cement, Telecom, Financials, etc. You can consider investing in sector-specific mutual funds such as Nippon India Banking and Financial Services Fund, and Franklin India Technology Fund.

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Importance of Asset Class Diversification

Take a moment to examine the table below.

[Data Source: Bloomberg]

As you can see, every asset class goes through its own ups and downs in changing economic conditions. For example in 2022, gold performed better than equity but the scenario was reversed in 2021. A proper asset allocation is crucial to avoid dependency on a single asset class. That way, the poor performance of one asset class can be overcome by other well-performing asset classes.

Step 3: Build an Emergency Fund

While your investments grow over the years, an emergency fund is your safety net. It offers financial security amid volatile market. Instead of panic-selling your investments during market volatility, give them time to grow. You can rely on your emergency fund for the time being.

How much should you save in an emergency fund?

Aim to save a year’s worth of emergency savings in an easily accessible account. Calculate your monthly expenses and multiply the amount by 12. That amount covers your living expenses for a year. Keep it on standby to utilize for an absolute emergency.

Strategies for building and maintaining an emergency fund

Set a goal

Having a specific goal helps you stay on track. Define a specific amount each month to put aside. Alternatively, you can dedicate a lump sum amount that you won’t be utilizing anytime soon. Ensure you have 6-12 months of expenses sorted at all times.

Create a system

Many investors prefer keeping an emergency fund in a savings account. While there’s nothing wrong with it, it’s not sustainable. You might end up using those funds due to easy access.

Instead, park your money in liquid funds like Aditya BSL Liquid Fund, Bandhan Liquid Fund or short-duration debt funds such as Mirae Asset Ultra Short Duration Fund, and ICICI Prudential Ultra Short Term. Debt funds generally offer better interest rates than savings accounts. Plus, you won’t withdraw these funds as easily as you would from your savings account.

Below is a snapshot of different categories of debt funds with current yield and tenure.

Keep track of your emergency fund

Make sure you keep tracking your emergency fund. Whether you choose to automate your contributions or manually transfer funds, periodically monitor your progress.

Step 4: Regularly Review and Adjust Your Financial Plan

Economic conditions and financial markets always change. Therefore, you must periodically review your portfolio to align it with the changing market conditions.

Key factors for regular portfolio review:

Tracking Investment Performance: Regularly track your portfolio’s performance to ensure your investments align with your financial goals. Identify poor-performing investments and replace them with high-yield instruments.
Evaluate Your Risk Profile: Your risk tolerance may change over time. As your expenses and financial situation evolve, you must re-evaluate your risk profile.
Financial Goals and Timeline: Your financial goals such as retirement, children’s education, buying a house, etc. may change with time. Therefore, reviewing your financial goals and adjusting the timeline of your investment is a necessity.

Step 5: Seek Professional Financial Advice

Having a professional financial advisor by your side can significantly fast-track your financial goals. An expert can help you build a benchmark-beating portfolio while navigating through the volatile markets.

Here’s what a professional financial expert can offer:

Personalized Investment Strategies: You can get your portfolio reviewed by an expert. A financial advisor can outline an investment plan catering to your financial goals and risk tolerance. This includes identifying poor-performing investments, readjusting your current investments, and optimizing your portfolio for better post-tax returns.
Risk Management: Risk on your investments is never zero. However, an expert can help you mitigate that risk through portfolio diversification. Investing across various asset classes is crucial to ensure financial security during volatile market.
Tax Optimization: You cannot avoid taxes but you can certainly reduce your tax liability. A dedicated financial advisor will suggest suitable tax-saving instruments to minimize tax liability and maximize post-tax returns.
Exclusive Investment Opportunities: A financial advisor can bring exclusive investment opportunities to the table. For example, unlisted shares. A lot of investors are unaware of such opportunities. Below are some of the unlisted stock opportunities we opened up for our clients, delivering excellent returns.

Long-Term Financial Planning: A long-term financial plan lowers the short-term risk of a volatile market and amplifies your wealth. A financial advisor can help you plan and achieve long-term financial goals such as retirement planning, estate planning, legacy building, etc.
Tip: Choose a financial advisor with relevant experience, proper licenses, and a good reputation.

Step 6: Maintain a Long-Term Perspective

Growth demands time. You cannot expect your money to grow overnight. To achieve your financial goals, you have to think long-term. Don’t focus on the short-term loss, focus on the long-term growth. Note that every market crash is followed by a market rally. What you invest today is bound to grow in five years.

Build a long-term financial mindset by:

Setting clear goals and sticking to them: Setting goals is not enough. You have to stick to them to let the strategy play out in your favor. Prefer goal-based investing so that you don’t have to think about short-term decline in your portfolio.

Keep your emotions in check: Fear and greed can lead to either panic-selling during a market crash or impulse buying during a market rally. Both of which can crumble down your overall portfolio. Don’t check your portfolio movements every day. It’ll only make you anxious. Follow your investment strategy with discipline and you’ll achieve your goals in a defined time.

Don’t try to time the market: It is impossible to time the market as it won’t always work in your favor. You could end up getting it wrong more times than right. Instead, seek guidance from your financial advisor on navigating market volatility.

Conclusion

Achieving financial security in a volatile market is possible with a robust investment strategy and disciplined approach. Assess your financial situation and set achievable goals. Ensure your investment portfolio is truly diverse by investing across various asset classes and sectors. The right mix of assets avoids dependency on a single class.

As you execute your investment strategy, don’t forget to establish a safety net. Set aside a year’s worth of expenses as your emergency funds in an easily accessible account or in liquid funds. The emergency fund will prevent the need for panic-selling during emergencies, allowing your investments to grow.

Prioritize long-term growth rather than short-term volatility. Stick to your strategy and periodically review your portfolio to re-align it with your financial goals. That way, you can surpass short-term volatility and come out on the other side with a solid portfolio.

Seeking Financial Guidance?

Every investor’s risk appetite and financial preferences are different. Therefore a single strategy to achieve financial security in the volatile market cannot fit all. VNN Wealth can provide you with a comprehensive portfolio analysis and a personalized investment strategy catering to your financial goals. Visit our website to explore financial products. You can also browse our blogs for insights into the world of finance.

Book a consultation call today.